Types of Anxiety. 13

 

Sources of Language Learning Anxiety. 18

 

Language Learning Anxiety and Gender 20

 

Motivation by Definition. 22

 

Types of Motivation. 24

 

Intrinsic Motivation. 25

 

Extrinsic Motivation. 26

 

Motivation and Language Learning. 26

 

Language Proficiency. 29

 

Empirical Studies Done in the Field. 30

 

Anxiety and Language Learning. 30

 

Motivation and Language Learning. 39

 

Anxiety and Foreign Language Motivation. 42

 

Final Remarks on Literature. 44

 

 

 

. 47

 

Introduction. 48

 

Participants. 48

 

Instruments. 49

 

Data Collection Procedures. 51

 

Data Analysis Procedures. 53

 

Design of the Study. 54

 

 

 

55

 

Introduction. 56

 

Results of the Study. 56

 

Participants’ Anxiety Level in Language Classrooms. 56

 

Relationship between the Participants’ Level of Anxiety and Motivation  60

 

Participants’ Scores on Motivation Questionnaire. 60

 

Relationship between the participants’ language proficiency, level of               anxiety, and motivation. 62

 

Participants’ Performance in the Proficiency Test 63

 

Relationship Between the Participants’ Language Proficiency & Their         Level of Anxiety. 65

 

Relationship Between the Participants’ Language Proficiency &  their            motivation. 67

 

Gender Differences Concerning Anxiety, Motivation, and Language               Proficiency Level of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners. 70

 

Motivation, and English Proficiency. 75

 

Discussion of Findings. 78

 

 

 

82

 

Introduction. 83

 

Summary. 83

 

Conclusion. 85

 

 

Pedagogical Implications. 88

 

Limitations of the Study. 89

 

 

 

References. 91

 

Appendices. 100

 

Appendix I: Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. 101

 

Appendix II: Attitude/Motivation Test Battery. 103

 

Appendix III:English Language Proficiency Test 106

 

 

 

List of Tables

 

Participants’ Demographic Statistics. 56

 

Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Level of Anxiety. 57

 

Anxiety Groups. 57

 

Participants’ Distribution in Anxiety Groups. 58

 

ANOVA Results for Group Differences. 59

 

Descriptive Statistics for Participants’ Motivation. 60

 

Participants’ Motivation in the Anxiety Groups. 61

 

Correlation between Language Learning Anxiety and Motivation. 61

 

Descriptive Statistics for the Participants’ Scores in the proficiency test 61

 

Male and Female Participants’ Scores in the Proficiency Test 61

 

-test for Male and Female Performance in       the Proficiency Test 64

 

Participants’ English Proficiency in the Anxiety Groups. 65

 

Correlation Between Language Learning Anxiety and English Proficiency. 65

 

Motivation Groups. 67

 

Participants’ Distribution in Motivational Groups. 67

 

Participants’ English Proficiency in the Motivational Groups. 68

 

Correlation Between Motivation and English Proficiency. 69

 

Males’ and Females’ Level of Anxiety. 70

 

-test for Differences in Males and Females’ Level of        Anxiety. 71

 

Distribution of Males and Females in Anxiety Groups. 71

 

Males’ and Females’ Motivation. 72

 

-test for Differences in Males and Females’ Level of       Motivation. 73

 

Distribution of Males and Females in Motivational Groups. 73

 

Correlation Between Males’ Anxiety, Motivation, and English Proficiency  75

 

Correlation Between Females’ Anxiety, Motivation, and English                         proficiency. 76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT